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Find the longest path down the Cartesian tree.

A non-empty array A consisting of N different integers is given. We are looking for the longest possible sequence built from elements of A, A[B[0]], A[B[1]], ..., A[B[K]], satisfying the following conditions:

  • The sequence must be decreasing; that is, A[B[0]] > A[B[1]] > ... > A[B[K]].
  • For any two consecutive elements of the sequence, A[B[I]] and A[B[I+1]], all the elements of A between them must be smaller than them; that is, for any J = MIN(B[I], B[I+1]) + 1, ..., MAX(B[I], B[I+1]) − 1, we have A[J] < A[B[I+1]].

Write a function:

class Solution { public int solution(int[] A); }

that, given an array A containing N different integers, computes the maximum length of a sequence satisfying the above conditions.

For example, for the following array A:

A[0] = 9 A[1] = 10 A[2] = 2 A[3] = -1 A[4] = 3 A[5] = -5 A[6] = 0 A[7] = -3 A[8] = 1 A[9] = 12 A[10] = 5 A[11] = 8 A[12] = -2 A[13] = 6 A[14] = 4

the function should return 6.
A sequence of length 6 satisfying the given conditions can be as follows:

A[9] = 12 A[1] = 10 A[4] = 3 A[8] = 1 A[6] = 0 A[7] = -3

Write an efficient algorithm for the following assumptions:

  • the elements of A are all distinct;
  • N is an integer within the range [1..100,000];
  • each element of array A is an integer within the range [−1,000,000,000..1,000,000,000].
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